RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of consumption of a ketogenic diet supplemented with triheptanoin, a medium-chain anaplerotic triacylglycerol, on the liver fatty acid profile of Wistar rats. METHODS: three groups of male Wistar rats (n = 10) were submitted to an AIN-93 control diet, a triheptanoin- based ketogenic diet, or a soybean oil-based ketogenic diet for 60 days. Excised livers were subjected to lipid extraction and methylation to obtain fatty acids methyl esters, which were subjected to gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: compared to the rats fed the control diet, those fed ketogenic diets showed a significant reduction in the concentrations of 9-hexadecenoic and 9-octadecenoic acids, whereas those fed triheptanoin showed increased levels of octadecanoic acid. CONCLUSION: changes in the liver fatty acid profiles of the rats fed a triheptanoin-based or a soybean oil-based ketogenic diet did not seem to be related to the dietary fat source, but rather to the characteristics of the ketogenic diets themselves.
Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia del consumo de una dieta cetogénica complementada con triheptanoína, un triacilglicerol de cadena media y anaplerótico, en el perfil de ácidos grasos del hígado de ratones Wistar. Métodos: tres grupos de ratones Wistar machos (n = 10) fueron sometidos durante 60 días a una dieta AIN-93 de control, una dieta cetogénica basada en triheptanoína o una dieta cetogénica a base de aceite de soja. Los hígados fueron escindidos y sometidos a extracción de lípidos y metilación para obtener los ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos, que se sometieron a cromatografía de gas-espectrometría de masa. Resultados y discusión: en comparación con los ratones alimentados con la dieta de control, los de ambas dietas cetogénicas mostraron una reducción significativa en las concentraciones de los ácidos grasos 9-hexadecenoico y 9-octadecenoico, mientras que los alimentados con triheptanoína mostraron niveles de ácido octadecenoico aumentados. Conclusión: los cambios en los perfiles de ácidos grasos del hígado de los ratones alimentados con dietas cetogénicas no están relacionados con la fuente de grasa de la dieta (triheptanoína o aceite de soja), sino más bien con la concentración total de lípidos.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Cetogénica , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Suplementos Dietéticos , Masculino , Metabolómica/métodos , RatasRESUMEN
This study investigated the biological activities of five benthic marine algae collected from Northeastern Region of Brazil. The tested activities included larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata, and toxicity against Artemia salina. Extracts of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta), Padina gymnospora, Sargassum vulgare (Phaeophyta), Hypnea musciformis, and Digenea simplex (Rhodophyta) were prepared using different solvents of increasing polarity, including dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, and water. Of the extracts screened, the dichloromethane extracts of H. musciformis and P. gymnospora exhibited the highest activities and were subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation in hexane and chloroform. The chloroform fractions of the P. gymnospora and H. musciformis extracts showed molluscicidal activity at values below 40 µ g·mL(-1) (11.1460 µ g·mL(-1) and 25.8689 µ g·mL(-1), resp.), and the chloroform and hexane fractions of P. gymnospora showed larvicidal activity at values below 40 µ g·mL(-1) (29.018 µ g·mL(-1) and 17.230 µ g·mL(-1), resp.). The crude extracts were not toxic to A. salina, whereas the chloroform and hexane fractions of P. gymnospora (788.277 µ g·mL(-1) and 706.990 µ g·mL(-1)) showed moderate toxicity, indicating that the toxic compounds present in these algae are nonpolar.
